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This 18-month project awarded to TUMCREATE and the Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS) aimed to analyse the potential of electric buses to balance fluctuations of solar photovoltaics (PV).
Despite Singapore's location at the equator being favourable for utilisation of solar energy, the local weather conditions in Singapore lead to high fluctuations in power supply from solar PV.
Grid operators may impose ramp rate limits to maintain the stability of the grid, which would limit the amount of solar power to be fed into the grid.
Instead of expensive stationary battery systems, electric buses were considered in this project since Singapore is planning to electrify a high share of its public bus fleet.

SERIS analysed solar ramps, based on data from almost 30 weather data stations they have all over Singapore.
TUMCREATE developed an optimisation model for balancing solar PV power with electric buses while maintaining the bus schedule.