This demo shows the life cycle emissions of PV plant, battery installation and HVDC cable in gCO2e per kWh of electric energy delivered to Singapore.
The calculations are based on the publication Life cycle CO2 emissions of supplying Singapore with photovoltaic power from Australia via an HVDC connection.
Use the controls below the chart to adjust the length of the HVDC cable, number of full load hours of the PV system and the power generation mix used to manufacture the PV and battery system.